The Holocaust An Special Incident - 958 Words

Over the last two and a half millennia, the Jewish people have faced hardship and intolerance from various groups living beside them. A number of historians however believe that of all the atrocities committed against the Jewish people, none parallel the Holocaust. While these historians believe that the Holocaust was a unique occurrence, history rejects this notion of Nazi anti-semitism being an special incident. Disregarding preceding events, most notably the enslavement of the Jewish people by the Egyptians, aggression against the Jewish people has precedent in events occurring over two and a half thousand years ago. In the fifth century BC, King Nebuchadnezzar of Babylon catalyzed the Jewish Diaspora after destroying a five hundred year jewish temple in Israel and forcing the Jewish people into exile. Although many Jews eventually returned home when the more tolerant Persian empire came to power, dominion was soon transferred to the Roman Empire who again forced the Jewish pe ople into exile. The Romans annihilated a substantial portion of the Jewish population and compromised the identity of the Jewish homeland by renaming it Palaestina. Jews would be scattered throughout the empire, in places such as Germany, at this time. Centuries later, Christianity would be declared the official religion of the empire. Using the infrastructure of the Roman Empire, Christianity would become the dominant religion throughout Europe. Fortunately, the Jews were mainly able toShow MoreRelatedTheu.s During The Holocaust : A Model Of Democracy, Success And Freedom1070 Words   |  5 PagesThe U.S during the Holocaust was considered one of the most powerful nations in the world, economically, politically and socially, America was a model of democracy, success and freedom. 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The Rape Of Nanking991 Words   |  4 PagesThe Mass Killings: The Holocaust Vs. the Rape of Nanking Most people in the world never seem to realize the mass number of raping or killings that are going on around them. Meanwhile, during the holocaust, no one understood how much it was happening around them then either, except for the people it was happening to. Most people are aware of the savagery that occurred during the holocaust in Germany, but few have ever even heard of Nanjing, much less the rape of Nanjing. Both genocides share veryRead MoreTreblinka Reflection1018 Words   |  5 PagesTreblinka, 1941 - one of the events in history during the Holocaust that will never be forgotten by the Jews. It is one of those moments where Jews come together in the hardest of times to create, in a sense, peace amongst themselves. Not only did the Holocaust affect the Jews physically and mentally at the time, but it also greatly impacted their lives after the horror. 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The Effects Of Substance Use And Incarceration - 894 Words

There is no denying the United State s long and complex history of substance use and incarceration. Some could make a strong argument that our country s battle against substance use has been a misguided, ill conceived, expensive, and discriminatory attempt which produced inauspicious results. The War on Drugs and Deinstitutionalization are two such attempts. This paper will analyze how these policy blunders have formed a strong association between substance use and incarceration, how current practice and research is attempted to dismantle these relationships, as well as their clinical and policy implications. Analysis of Substance Use and Incarceration Theoretical Perspectives Substance abuse and incarceration have had a long, and some would say infamous relationship in the United States. According to May, Cooper, Soderstrom and Jarjoura (2009) (as cited by Federal Bureau of Investigation, 2009) more than one in three arrests in the United States are related to drug and alcohol use (p. 669). Many have theorized why there is such a high incarceration rate among substance abusers. The War on Drugs is one such theory. In the early 1970 s, minimum mandatory sentence from drug related offenses, expansion of drug enforcement agencies, and a law allowing police to execute a warrant without announcing themselves was the beginning of the War on Drugs (Drug Policy Alliance, 2015). In the next two decades, the decriminalization of marijuana was forgotten, public concern, evenShow MoreRelatedDrug Addiction Treatment Vs. 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The Chronic Lyme Disease Health And Social Care Essay Free Essays

string(68) " 30 yearss of antibiotic \( Rocephin or Vibramycin \) intervention\." Lyme disease is a terrible public wellness issue. It is the most common tick-borne infection in the northern hemisphere of the universe ( Feder et al 2007 ) . In North America it is caused entirely by Borrelia burgdorferi sensu strict ( henceforth referred to as B. We will write a custom essay sample on The Chronic Lyme Disease Health And Social Care Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now burgdorferi ) , while in Europe it is caused by B. afzelii, B. garinii, B. burgdorferi, and infrequently by other sorts of borrelia ( Feder et al 2007 ) . Lyme disease can be reasonably easy to handle in some patients. However, for some patients, it can go like an eternal conflict. Chronic Lyme disease ( CLD ) , which has been making much contention, is a systemic, disabling status which persists in malice of the therapy. There is an on-going argument if there is such a disease that can be classified as a CLD among scientists. Because of the fact that there is no defined trial for the presence of CLD, health care suppliers have to trust to a great extent on patients symptoms in most of the instances of reoccurrence. Furthermore, as CLD patients represent a instance of Heterogeneity of Treatment Effect ( HTE ) which indicates patient ‘s response to the same intervention varies in different patients, it makes it harder to generalise the definition of CLD. Different Lyme patients have different responses to a standardised intervention. ( Green 2009 ) Furthermore, the intervention of the CLD is ill-defined at this minute ( Marques 2008 ) ; hence making the uncertainty if there is of all time a disease to be cured. Some scientists suggest utilizing antibiotics as a intervention for CLD ( Stricker 2007 ) while others consider it as a mistreatment ( Hodzic et al 2008 ) . In this paper, I will get down with the general information of Lyme disease and analyze the groundss of the being of CLD. Furthermore, I will discourse the way of the farther surveies for the intervention of the disease based on the surveies that were conducted throughout the clip. Besides, I will take a expression at the opposing side of the statement claiming nonentity of CLD and discourse the exposure that their claim possesses. Why does the being of CLD affair? Lyme disease in the United States of America is bit by bit increasing over old ages, and the coverage instances of Lyme disease in 2009 is making 38,000 instances which is twice every bit much compared to the instances in 2006 which was 20,000. ( Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 2009 ) ( Figure 1 ) The country of infection has broadened, and health care suppliers have seen Lyme disease instances in about all provinces in the United States. However, it is still true that most reported instances are significantly concentrated in the Middle atlantic States, Minnesota, coastal Northeast, and northern California. Lyme disease can be found in the other continent including Asia and Europe. ( NIH 2008 ) Therefore, a batch of patients are enduring from Lyme disease and it is estimated that more than 30 % of Lyme disease patients reach the phase where the symptoms are relentless more than few hebdomads despite the intervention. ( NIH 2008 ) However, irrespective the figure of patient s who are enduring from these conditions referred as CLD, there is still an on-going argument sing being and intervention of this disease. Approximately 11,400 people were enduring from CLD in 2009 harmonizing to the coverage instances of 38,000 and 30 % rate of going CLD. In a terrible instance ( Cameron 2006 ) , about 66 % of 215 Lyme disease patients diagnosed in Westchester County, New York, USA remained sick after intervention for an norm of 3.2 old ages. If this affair remains unsolved, it will ensue a effect where patients can non acquire a proper intervention for CLD. It is an pressing affair for scientists to happen out a solid intervention to profit those patients. So, does CLD be? Lyme disease, a many-sided infection, has a legion aim symptoms including febrility, concern, stiff cervix, and fatigue. The most typical and common symptom of Lyme disease is a characteristic tegument lesion called erythema migrans ( EM ) roseola which appears in the early phase of Lyme disease. On the other manus, the most common symptom that can be seen in CLD is pauciarticular arthritis, and certain neurologic and cardiac manifestations, all of which normally respond good to conventional antibiotic therapy. ( NIH 2008 ) Other than symptoms, there are several groundss to turn out the being of CLD. As mentioned in the beginning, it is estimated that 30 % of Lyme disease patients develop farther status called CLD. Although after the antibiotic intervention take attention of the infection in most instances ( Klempner et al. 2001 ) , a minority of patients have musculoskeletal hurting, concentration trouble, short-run memory trouble, weariness, or all of these symptoms with or without clinical or serologic grounds of old early or late Lyme disease. ( Feder et al. 2007 ) It is thought to be a CLD when a patient exhibits these self-limiting and normally mild conditions longer than about 6 months. ( Nau et al. 2009 ) Thirty-four per centum of a population-based, retrospective cohort survey in Massachusetts was discovered to hold neurocognitive damage, arthritis or recurrent arthralgias, and neuropathy or myelopathy, a mean of 6 old ages after intervention for Lyme disease. ( Cameron 2010 ) In a cohort survey of 215 in turn treated Lyme disease patients in Westchester County ( Asch et al. 1994 ) , 62 per centum of patients had symptoms such as arthralgias, arthritis, and cardiac or neurologic engagement with or without weariness a mean of 3.2 old ages after intervention. ( Cameron 2010 ) In the tests of Klempner et Al. ( 2001 ) , there were studies that 41 % of topics exhibiting with well-documented, antecedently treated Lyme disease had relentless musculoskeletal hurting, neurocognitive symptoms, or dysesthesia, frequently associated with weariness and were ill during a mean of 4.7 old ages after oncoming. In a survey utilizing mice ( Hodzic et al. 2008 ) , relentless infection was documented by feeding ticks upon the mice and so proving the ticks for spirochaetes ( xenodiagnosis ) after 30 yearss of antibiotic ( Rocephin or Vibramycin ) intervention. You read "The Chronic Lyme Disease Health And Social Care Essay" in category "Essay examples" This infection could be detected by xenodiagnosis for about 3 months after antibiotic intervention. Besides, relentless infection was confirmed by sensing of low degrees of spirochetal DNA in tissues for up to 9 months. Furthermore, Four National Institutes of Health ( NIH ) sponsored tests were conducted as double-blind randomised placebo- controlled tests ( RCTs ) corroborating the being and badness of CLD ( Cameron 2010 ) There are still uncertainties The 2006 Infectious Diseases Society of America ( IDSA ) Lyme disease intervention guideline panel inquired the being of CLD despite the documented grounds that were presented including the 1s provinces above. The IDSA panel questioned the being of CLD and concluded by stating that there is considerable contention and confusion exist over the cause and frequence of this procedure and even over its being. ( Cameron 2010 ) Besides, some of CLD patients have negative consequence with the trials provided to find Lyme disease thereby does non measure up for the intervention. ( Green 2009 ) CDC ( 2010 ) proposes a two-step process when proving blood to find manifestation of Lyme disease. The first measure uses an ELISA or IFA trial. If ELISA or IFA is negative, it is considered that patient most likely does non hold Lyme disease, and no farther testing is recommended. If they are positive or ambiguous, a 2nd measure should be carried out to verify the consequences. These trials can give a falsified consequence due to its sensitiveness of the trials are comparatively high. Therefore, about everyone with Lyme disease, and some people who do non hold Lyme disease, will prove positive. The 2nd measure employs an immunoblot such as a Western smudge or striped smudge trial. When used suitably, this trial is designed to be specific, significance that it will typically be positive merely with an septic individual. It suggests that the first trial was a false positive if the Western smudge is negative. Furthermore, the fact there is no definite trials to name or intervention to bring around CLD causes a uncertainty whether there is an existent disease to be treated. ( Green 2009 ) Further groundss of CLD Lyme disease is diagnosed based on physical findings, symptoms, and a history of possible debut to infected ticks.A ( Klempner et al. 2001 ) Validated laboratory trials such as ELISA, IFA, and immunoblot could be really utile but are non recommended in general when a patient has erythema migrans.A Several signifiers of research lab proving for Lyme disease are offered ( Table 1 ; Feder et Al. 2007 ) , some of which have non been sufficiently validated such as urine antigen trials, immunofluorescent staining for cell wall-deficient signifiers of B. burgdorferi, and lymphocyte transmutation trials ( CDC ) Most normally used and recommended trials are blood trials that step antibodies made in response to the infection. These trials are rather reliable for naming ulterior phases of disease, but it can be falsely negative in patients with early disease. Some patients with early Lyme disease who are treated with antibiotics will non bring forth antibody response to infection, which will en sue in continuously negative serologic trial consequences. ( Ogden et al. 2008 ) Even with those methods of diagnosing, it is really difficult to stipulate CLD from the early phases of Lyme disease. In some patients, symptoms reoccur after the intervention or symptoms ne’er go off in other instances. ( Klempner et al. 2001 ) The word â€Å" chronic † has been used to Lyme disease widely. There are some illustrations where other diseases use the term â€Å" chronic. † For case, there is a â€Å" chronic neuroborreliosis † in Europe, and it is referred as when patients show late neurologic manifestations of untreated or inadequately treated infection. Besides, United States has studies patients with recurrent or relentless arthritis that lasts for up to several old ages, most likely because of active infection. ( Feder et al. 2007 ) However, although there are no definite trials to name CLD yet, there are four classs that can be used as a diagnosing of CLD depending on patient ‘s status. ( Feder et al. 2007 ) ( Figure 2 ) Class 1 patients do non hold laboratory grounds or nonsubjective clinical manifestations of B. burgdorferi, and they receive a diagnosing based on the presence of non-specific symptoms such as dark perspiration, weariness, depression, and concern. Category 2 patients have identifiable unwellnesss or syndromes other than Lyme disease, and patients may or may non hold a history of Lyme disease. Category 3 patients have symptoms of unknown cause, with antibodies against B. burgdorferi but no history of nonsubjective clinical findings that are consistent with Lyme disease. Last, category 4 patients have symptoms associated with post-Lyme disease syndrome. Sing the tests and the experiments presented, it is non difficult to state that the decision should be tilting towards to the being of CLD. Although symptoms vary among patients showing HTE ( Marques 2008 ) , these classs can be a good index to place a patient in CLD patient pool. Furthermore, although there is no trial to corroborate presence of CLD, there is besides no clinically available proving up to day of the month to turn out that B. burgdorferi infection has been eradicated. However, there has been some proving demonstrated, that B. burgdorferi can stay in animate beings and worlds in an infective province, even after with recommended antibiotic intervention. ( Hodzic et al. 2008 ) Treatment The following inquiry that arises sing CLD is its intervention. Since authorities ( CDC ) clarified their place with the being of CLD and confirmed it as a legitimate diagnosing, except some of those scientists who strongly deny the diagnosing, the contention about CLD moved onto the intervention of CLD. Some scientists claim that antibiotics should be used as a intervention ( Green 2009, Klempner 2007, and Fallon et Al. 2007, ) while other scientists say antibiotics should non be recommended as a intervention. ( Hodzic et al. 2008 ) Generally, for early Lyme disease, a short class of unwritten antibiotics such as Vibramycin or Amoxil is curative in the greater portion of the instances. In more complex instances, Lyme disease can normally be successfully treated with 3 toA 4 hebdomads of antibiotic therapy, and so far, it is the lone intervention for Lyme disease. ( Fallon et al. 2007 ) However, there is no solid remedy for CLD and it is a really sensitive issue whether antibiotics s hould be used or non for this diagnosing. There are several surveies conducted demoing reoccurrence of Lyme disease symptoms and betterment of symptoms with drawn-out antibiotic intervention. ( Green 2009, Klempner et Al. 2001, Fallon et Al. 2007, and Oksi 2007 ) Some patients treated with antibiotics for CLD in a dual blind, placebo-controlled re-treatment surveies ( Fallon et al. 2007 ) , which have neurocognitive via media and weariness, acquire better upon re-treatment with 3-10 hebdomads of Ceftriaxone. ( Fallon et al. 2007 ) discovered that patients re-treated for partial response/failure improved in parametric quantities of weariness, hurting and functionality. They besides found that neurocognitive via media did non heighten, even though Fallon found that patients improved at the three-month measuring, but did non keep betterment at the six-month measuring. Oksi ( 2007 ) conducted a partial re-treatment test and partial new patients. All patients were treated with Ceftriaxone for 3 hebdomads and improved 79 % for both new oncoming borreliosis and return or continuity. This survey was intended to prove if longer interventions after 3 hebdomads of IV Ceftriaxone had an improved result. In this survey, 10 hebdomads of farther intervention with unwritten Amoxicillin ( 1500mg a twenty-four hours ) did non advance better result. This test has statistical restrictions due to HTE which makes it complicated to generalise the result to all station intervention Lyme patients. Although non all parametric quantities in survey of Fallon et Al. ( 2007 ) continued betterment, betterment in weariness is an highly of import result, frequently allowing handicapped patients to return to household life and work. Because of the power of these three surveies, length of the surveies, dependable methods they used, and big figure of topics, these surveies should be considered pilot surveies. As indicated earlier, there are several classs among CLD patients. Although antibiotics intervention was effectual in some patients, it is non clear whether it should be introduced to all patients who suffer from CLD, since the maltreatment of antibiotics could ensue in have considerable damage in their health-related quality of life. A survey was conducted by Mark Klempner in 2001 ( Klempner 2001 ) demoing the serious damage of health-related life quality after the long period debut to the antibiotics. Decision As demonstrated, response of Lyme patients to the same therapy is different from patient to patient, clear uping that Chronic Lyme patient exhibit Heterogeneity of Treatment Effects ( HTE ) . This besides makes it difficult to name the presence of CLD in persons. However, clinical groundss indicate that there is a disease that can be classified as CLD. CLD can go terrible. The restrictions in physical operation can be harming quality of life in a serious manner. One survey ( Klempner 2001 ) described the quality of life for patients who suffer from CLD as the same to that of patients with degenerative arthritis or congestive bosom failure, and patients physical damage was greater than damage of patients with type 2 diabetes or a recent myocardial infarction. Fallon et Al. ( 2007 ) described the weariness reported by patients with CLD was likewise to that of patients with multiple induration ( MS ) and their hurting was similar to those of postsurgery patients. Cautiously designed, placebo-controlled surveies have been successful to demo that drawn-out antibiotic therapy is good in certain instances. Even though stray success instances are ever good to hear, such studies entirely are non plenty evidences to prolong a curative attack. Therefore, it is of import for clinicians to recognize the significance of intervention in single patients who is enduring from CLD and the effort to happen a clear declaration should be pursued in farther tests and experiments. How to cite The Chronic Lyme Disease Health And Social Care Essay, Essay examples

Advanced Topic in Engineering Management Barriers of Strategies in Sm

Question: Discuss about theAdvanced Topic in Engineering Managementfor Barriers of Strategies in Smart Electrical. Answer: Introduction The paper depicts barriers of strategies in smart electrical power grid, highly associated with sustainable system engineering. The analysis will provide the ways in which electric energy is utilized for home and business purposes. Smart grid is a energy provider and a digital network technology that allows two way communication system between the consumer and service provider. The paper will mention the overview of barriers of strategies to smart power grid. After that, the application of barriers of strategies to the smart power grid will be mentioned in this paper. Apart from this, the paper will mention the benefits and widespread of the application based on barriers in smart power grid. After critical analysis and investigation it will provide relevant recommendations that can be used o reduce the amount of risks. Overview of Barriers of Strategies in Smart Power Grid Different energy providers and current environment management survey provides the idea of smart grid technology. This is an electrical technology that provides energy transmission line, transformers, and electricity to home and business organizations (Kisanga and Ireson 2015). The Concept of electric grid was built in the year of 1890 and it went through continuous improvement. More than 3000,000 miles transmission lines can be generated from 9,200 electric generating units. The capacity of the system is around 1 Million megawatts. A general grid is referred to as a smart grid when it include digital technology to the system (May, Stahl and Taisch 2016). Smart grid is consists of digital devices such as internet, computer, automation system and it can bring all the required changes when ever required. Context of Application of Strategies to Smart Power Grid Based on the context, it has been determined that, in remote locations smart grid is applied for energy consumption. The overriding objectives are sustainability, competitiveness, and supply security (Bilandzic and Foth 2013). While analyzing the facts many issues come under focus. The electric grid puts high impact on the environment. A survey on national average reliability metrics determined that, the outage duration has been enhanced up to 3% in the last 5 years. The frequency increased up to 7%. The annual revenue was decreased to $1B annually after evaluating the grid system (Verbong, Beemsterboer and Sengers 2013). A survey on electric supply implies that, traditional electric supply bill amount will increased a large range within coming 8 to 9 years. Smart grid provides an advanced technology to develop the entire system. Critical Review of Barriers of Strategies to Smart Power Grid The current network is designed in such a way that, it is capable to utilize all the requirements. Moreover, it enhances the supply power and level of overall competition (Verbong, Beemsterboer and Sengers 2013). In order to achieve the goal, evolving criteria are added to the traditional network system. Considering business scenarios some factors are identified. These are s follows: Hugh capital requirement and operating cost: In order to operate the technology based system software and advanced hardware are needed to be introduced. The software and hardware required to frame up the design are very costly. Current best practice: It is widely used for energy consuming in less amount of cost. Currently it facilitates a two way end to end energy transmission technology that is best in the quality management. Currently it is used in different business models. It provides the real time control and monitoring system to reduce ATC loss, responses on demand, power quality management, demand quality management and smart home energy system. Application: Currently the application of smart power grid is expanding widely all over the world. In 21 century the usability of smart electric power grid is being applied in private sectors and in public sectors also. Not only this, but also it is also applied as home appliances. In this age of digital computer the economic level is increasing at a large rate and the application of the digital services is also emerging. The electric industry widely uses the reliable and efficient service of smart grid. It is used during huge energy demand. Safety policy Business Application on business Optimization in delivery optimization of demand optimization of asset Computer science and information technology Information infrastructure and communication development Energy infrastructure Energy consumer Summary of the Opportunities in a Particular Context The consumers are relatively active and involved with the system. Due to its high efficiency the demand for the system is increasing day by day (Kisanga and Ireson 2015). It enables the market and also associates difference storage options. In order to compliment large electric plants diverse and generative storage digital devices are generated. Renewable power access is also possible in this context. Summary of the Benefits of Barriers of Strategies to Smart Power Grid During analysis it has been found that, it enables the participation of active consumers. The consumers and management team of industries realize that, the system smart grid system meets all their basic needs (Bilandzic and Foth 2013). It can measure and enhance the sensing conditions. The grid management system is highly associated with management processes and is completely based on the condition management programs. It can resist outer attacks with the help of prevention management system. Summary of the Barriers to the Widespread Application of Barriers of Strategies to Smart Power Grid Due to widespread application of smart grid the technology is facing different usability issues. The success of the technology is strictly dependent on its security and data handling process (Verbong, Beemsterboer and Sengers 2013). Due to excessive use the resource management is also getting affected. The RD team of smart grid technology implies that the regulators, vendors, consumers all are getting affected by technical implementation. Excessive use of the natural resource based technology reduces the flexibility of the system. A venue for research, investigation and changes in policy The system has different features but still certain segments are needed to be changed for overall development (Zheng, Meinrenken and Lackner 2015). The internal and external analysis implies that changes are needed in social, political, economical, legal and environmental application. Conclusion and Recommendations From the overall discussion it can be concluded that the paper has mentioned the overview of barriers in strategic smart power grid technology. It also provided its business application, opportunities, benefits and for widespread application certain innovations are needed to be added o he technology. Innovative ideas are also mentioned in this paper. Finally, it has mentioned certain recommendations to the technology. The shared vision provides the future of the smart grid technology. The electricity network must contain some of the features. The recommendations to develop the technology areas follow: Flexible: The network should have to be flexible so that as per consumers need changes can be made on the system. Reliable: The quality of the product should have to be good enough. It must ensure the security and privacy of the network. Accessible: It should have to be easy accessible from all sections. Economically supportive: the system should have to be affordable by the consumers. References Bilandzic, M. and Foth, M., 2013. Libraries as coworking spaces: Understanding user motivations and perceived barriers to social learning.Library Hi Tech,31(2), pp.254-273. Kisanga, D. and Ireson, G., 2015. Barriers and strategies on adoption of e-learning in Tanzanian higher learning institutions: Lessons for adopters.International Journal of Education and Development using Information and Communication Technology,11(2), p.126. 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